AS 20 Earning Per Share (EPS) Best Summary Notes PDF

AS 20 Earning Per Share (EPS) Best Summary Notes PDF. In the previous article, we have given AS 16 Accounting For Borrowing Costs Summary PDF and AS 19 Leases and it’s Accounting Treatment Summary Notes PDF. Today we are providing the complete details of accounting standard 20 Earning Per Share (EPS) I;e objective, definitions, applicability, measurement, diluted earnings per share, and disclosure. You can also download AS 20 EPS notes by ICAI at the end of this article. This best summary notes is useful for IPCC students.

AS 20 Earning Per Share (EPS)

Objective :

The objective of this Standard is to prescribe principles for the determination and presentation of earnings per share which will improve comparison of performance among different enterprises for the same period and among different accounting periods for the same enterprise. The focus of this Standard is on the denominator of the earnings per share calculation. Even though earnings per share data has limitations because of different accounting policies used for determining ‘earnings’, a consistently determined denominator enhances the quality of financial reporting.

This Accounting Standard is mandatory for all companies. However, disclosure of diluted earnings per share (both including and excluding extraordinary items) is not mandatory for Small and Medium Sized Companies, as defined in the Notification. Such companies are however encouraged to make these disclosures.

Definitions

For the purpose of this Standard, the following terms are used with the meanings specified:

1. An equity share is a share other than a preference share.

2. A preference share is a share carrying preferential rights to dividends and repayment of capital.

3. A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to both a financial asset of one enterprise and a financial liability or equity shares of another enterprise.

4. A potential equity share is a financial instrument or other contract that entitles, or may entitle, its holder to equity shares.

5. Share warrants or options are financial instruments that give the holder the right to acquire equity shares.

6. Fair value is the amount for which an asset could be exchanged, or a liability settled, between knowledgeable, willing parties in an arm’s length transaction.

Examples of potential equity shares are:

(a) debt instruments or preference shares, that are convertible into equity shares;

(b) share warrants;

(c) options including employee stock option plans under which employees of an enterprise are entitled to receive equity shares as part of their remuneration and other similar plans; and

(d) shares which would be issued upon the satisfaction of certain conditions resulting from contractual arrangements (contingently issuable shares), such as the acquisition of a business or other assets, or shares issuable under a loan contract upon default of payment of principal or interest, if the contract so provides

Measurement

Basic Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share should be calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.

For the purpose of calculating basic earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders should be the net profit or loss for the period after deducting preference dividends and any attributable tax thereto for the period.

Points to remember:

1) For the purpose of calculating basic earnings per share, the number of equity shares should be the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period reflects the fact that the amount of shareholders’ capital may have varied during the period as a result of a larger or lesser number of shares outstanding at any time. It is the number of equity shares outstanding at the beginning of the period, adjusted by the number of equity shares bought back or issued during the period multiplied by the time-weighting factor. The time-weighting factor is the number of days for which the specific shares are outstanding as a proportion of the total number of days in the period; a reasonable approximation of the weighted average is adequate in many.

2) Equity shares issued as part of the consideration in an amalgamation in the nature of purchase are included in the weighted average number of shares as of the date of the acquisition because the transferee incorporates the results of the operations of the transferor into its statement of profit and loss as from the date of acquisition. Equity shares issued during the reporting period as part of the consideration in an amalgamation in the nature of merger are included in the calculation of the weighted average number of shares from the beginning of the reporting period because the financial statements of the combined enterprise for the reporting period are prepared as if the combined entity had existed from the beginning of the reporting period. Therefore, the number of equity shares used for the calculation of basic earnings per share in an amalgamation in the nature of merger is the aggregate of the weighted average number of shares of the combined enterprises, adjusted to equivalent shares of the enterprise whose shares are outstanding.

3) Partly paid equity shares are treated as a fraction of an equity share to the extent that they were entitled to participate in dividends relative to a fully paid equity share during the reporting period.

4) Where an enterprise has equity shares of different nominal values but with the same dividend rights, the number of equity shares is calculated by converting all such equity shares into equivalent number of shares of the same nominal value.

5) Equity shares which are issuable upon the satisfaction of certain conditions resulting from contractual arrangements (contingently issuable shares) are considered outstanding, and included in the computation of basic earnings per share from the date when all necessary conditions under the contract have been satisfied.

6) The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period and for all periods presented should be adjusted for events, other than the conversion of potential equity shares, that have changed the number of equity shares outstanding, without a corresponding change in resources.

7) Equity shares may be issued, or the number of shares outstanding may be reduced, without a corresponding change in resources. Examples include:

• a bonus issue;
• a bonus element in any other issue, for example a bonus element in a rights issue to existing shareholders;
• a share split; and
• a reverse share split (consolidation of shares).

Diluted Earnings Per Share

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period should be adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

In calculating diluted earnings per share, effect is given to all dilutive potential equity shares that were outstanding during the period, that is: (a) the net profit for the period attributable to equity shares is: (i) increased by the amount of dividends recognised in the period in respect of the dilutive potential equity shares as adjusted for any attributable change in tax expense for the period; (ii) increased by the amount of interest recognised in the period in respect of the dilutive potential equity shares as adjusted for any attributable change in tax expense for the period; and (iii) adjusted for the after-tax amount of any other changes in expenses or income that would result from the conversion of the dilutive potential equity shares. (b) the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period is increased by the weighted average number of additional equity shares which would have been outstanding assuming the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

Disclosure

An enterprise should disclose the following:

(i) where the statement of profit and loss includes extraordinary items (within the meaning of AS 5, Net Profit or Loss for the Period, Prior Period Items and Changes in Accounting Policies), the enterprise should disclose basic and diluted earnings per share computed on the basis of earnings excluding extraordinary items (net of tax expense); and

(ii) (a) the amounts used as the numerators in calculating basic and diluted earnings per share, and a reconciliation of those amounts to the net profit or loss for the period;

(b) the weighted average number of equity shares used as the denominator in calculating basic and diluted earnings per share, and a reconciliation of these denominators to each other; and

(c) the nominal value of shares along with the earnings per share figures.

Suggested Articles :

• AS 10 Property, Plant and Equipment | Accounting Standard
• What is Partnership Deed and What are its Main Contents?
• What is IRR (Internal Rate of Return) | Formula, Examples
• What is Ratio Analysis : Meaning, Types of Ratios & their Formulas
• Partnership Firm Registration Procedure in India | Partnership Deed
• Accounting Standard (AS) – 14 Accounting for Amalgamation
• AS 6 Depreciation Accounting Revised Notes | Applicability
• AS 2 Valuation of Inventory Revised Notes and Applicability
• AS 10 Accounting For Fixed Assets Revised Notes
• Accounting Standard 15 Employee Benefits Summary Notes PDF

Hope this article will help you to check the details of AS 20 Earning Per Share (EPS) Best Summary Notes PDF. Share this article ” AS 20 Earning Per Share (EPS) Best Summary Notes PDF ” to your friends who are studying CA, CMA and CS courses.